Magazines+&+Newspapers

>> supporting political assassination
 * William Randolph Hearst, "The Chief"**
 * 1) proprietor of the San Fransisco newspaper //The Examiner// in 1887
 * changed the layout of the front page, and lengenthened the newspaper from 6 pages to 10
 * made //Examiner// the first metropolitan newspaper in the San Fransisco area; appealed to many of the classes
 * mixed stories on the front page to appeal to more readers
 * inspired by Joseph Pulitzer→ changed the newspaper so it involved researched reformist reports to educate readers; he changed the the newspaper to include lurid sensationalism
 * 1) in charge of the //New York Journal// in 1895 (Evening Journal in 1896)
 * used in political ways to help Democratic candidates
 * major competition in New York, especially with the //New York World//
 * took part in //"yellow journalism"//
 * national chain of newspapers/periodicals expanded to include prestigious editorials such as: the //Chicago Examiner//, //Boston American// , //Cosmopolitan// , and //Harper's Bazaar//
 * introduced banner headlines and excessive drawings
 * believed to have contributed to the start of the Spanish-American War (1898) to stimulate the sales of his
 * newspaper
 * Just before President Mckinley was assassinated in his second term, William Hearst published an editorial


 * Joseph Pulitzer**
 * 1) purchased //St. Louis Evening Post// to merge with his newspaper the //Dispatch////﻿// (1878)
 * 2) purchased the //New York World// from Jay Gould
 * only had about 11,000 people reading it
 * wanted to appeal to both "blue collar" and "white collar" workers
 * able to get readers from other papers, affordable, change the name to "//The World",// and changed the heading
 * eventually, the edititons of //The World// were at more than 600,000; at one point it was the largest circulating newspaper in the country
 * first thorough use of illustrations
 * used investigative articles to attack government corruption, wealthy tax-dodgers, and gamblers
 * because of Pulitzer's continual attack towards corruption, future awards in journalism would go to exposure of corruption than to any other subject
 * 1) with Hearst
 * Hearst compared the //Examiner// to //The World//; began a "paper war" between the two, especially after Hearst became involved with the //Journal//
 * 1) largely for passage of antitrust legislation and regulation of the insurance industry
 * 2) In 1912 (a year after Pulitzer died) the Columbia School of Journalism was born


 * Yellow Journalism**
 * 1) journalism in which the stories are more extravagent and exaggerated, and cause more of an uproar with the public
 * 2) Hearst and Pulitzer were the first to use it
 * the term was originally used to describe tactics of Joseph Pulitzer
 * 1) drastically changed the way Americans viewed the new
 * occaisonally more of entertainment than of actual facts-if they didn't have the facts, they would make them up
 * example: supposed telegram between Hearst and a reporter that stated, "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war" in regards to the Spanish American War after the //Maine// had exploded

Citation:
 * Paper War**
 * 1) William Hearst vs. Joseph Pulitzer: no limitations on sensationalism or fabrication of news
 * 2) prices were raised
 * caused strike with paper boys, tried to use political influence to shutdown the strike, but in the end had to agree to the terms of the boys
 * people were not able to afford the paper, and couldn't find any new topics that they really wanted to read about
 * 1) personal attacks based on personality, religion, and morality
 * lead to people trying to find new papers
 * first step toward American media
 * journalism and creativity were high, but began a standard of personal attacks on each person rather than just stating the news
 * used as political influence, especially in the 1896 and 1900 elections[[image:http://www.evesmag.com/hearstjournal.jpg width="297" height="310" align="right"]]
 * 1) Yellow Journalism
 * 1896-1898, articles were often exagerated and untruthful
 * both called for war with Spain
 * 1) Nasaw, David. //The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst//. N.p.: n.p., 2000.
 * 2) "The Infamous Yellow Journalism of William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal." []. (accessed January 1, 2011)
 * 3) Topping, Seymour. "Pulitzer Biography." The Pulitzer Prizes. [] (accessed January 1, 2011)
 * 4) "William Randolph Hearst." Zpub. [] (accessed January 1, 2011)
 * 5) "Yellow Journalism-Definition." Word IQ. []ccessed January 1, 2011)